True when the shadow axis crosses the Earth's surface.
Totality/annularity first exists somewhere on Earth (null for partial).
Totality/annularity last exists somewhere on Earth (null for partial).
P1 — penumbra first touches Earth (eclipse begins somewhere).
P4 — penumbra leaves Earth (eclipse ends everywhere).
Geodetic point under (or nearest) the shadow axis at maximum.
Magnitude at greatest eclipse, NASA convention: fraction of the solar diameter covered for partial eclipses, Moon/Sun apparent diameter ratio for central ones.
Greatest eclipse: the shadow axis closest to the Earth's centre.
A solar eclipse seen globally. Instants are Julian days (UT).